Yakobus 1:20
Konteks1:20 For human 1 anger does not accomplish God’s righteousness. 2
Yakobus 3:2-10
Konteks3:2 For we all stumble 3 in many ways. If someone does not stumble 4 in what he says, 5 he is a perfect individual, 6 able to control the entire body as well. 3:3 And if we put bits into the mouths of horses to get them to obey us, then we guide their entire bodies. 7 3:4 Look at ships too: Though they are so large and driven by harsh winds, they are steered by a tiny rudder wherever the pilot’s inclination directs. 3:5 So too the tongue is a small part of the body, 8 yet it has great pretensions. 9 Think 10 how small a flame sets a huge forest ablaze. 3:6 And the tongue is a fire! The tongue represents 11 the world of wrongdoing among the parts of our bodies. It 12 pollutes the entire body and sets fire to the course of human existence – and is set on fire by hell. 13
3:7 For every kind of animal, bird, reptile, and sea creature 14 is subdued and has been subdued by humankind. 15 3:8 But no human being can subdue the tongue; it is a restless 16 evil, full of deadly poison. 3:9 With it we bless the Lord 17 and Father, and with it we curse people 18 made in God’s image. 3:10 From the same mouth come blessing and cursing. These things should not be so, my brothers and sisters. 19
Yakobus 3:14-16
Konteks3:14 But if you have bitter jealousy and selfishness in your hearts, do not boast and tell lies against the truth. 3:15 Such 20 wisdom does not come 21 from above but is earthly, natural, 22 demonic. 3:16 For where there is jealousy and selfishness, there is disorder and every evil practice.
Yakobus 4:1-5
Konteks4:1 Where do the conflicts and where 23 do the quarrels among you come from? Is it not from this, 24 from your passions that battle inside you? 25 4:2 You desire and you do not have; you murder and envy and you cannot obtain; you quarrel and fight. You do not have because you do not ask; 4:3 you ask and do not receive because you ask wrongly, so you can spend it on your passions.
4:4 Adulterers, do you not know that friendship with the world means hostility toward God? 26 So whoever decides to be the world’s friend makes himself God’s enemy. 4:5 Or do you think the scripture means nothing when it says, 27 “The spirit that God 28 caused 29 to live within us has an envious yearning”? 30
[1:20] 1 tn The word translated “human” here is ἀνήρ (anhr), which often means “male” or “man (as opposed to woman).” But it sometimes is used generically to mean “anyone,” “a person” (cf. BDAG 79 s.v. 2), and in this context, contrasted with “God’s righteousness,” the point is “human” anger (not exclusively “male” anger).
[1:20] 2 sn God’s righteousness could refer to (1) God’s righteous standard, (2) the righteousness God gives, (3) righteousness before God, or (4) God’s eschatological righteousness (see P. H. Davids, James [NIGTC], 93, for discussion).
[3:2] 6 tn The word for “man” or “individual” is ἀνήρ (anhr), which often means “male” or “man (as opposed to woman).” But it sometimes is used generically to mean “anyone,” “a person,” as here (cf. BDAG 79 s.v. 2).
[3:3] 7 tn Grk “their entire body.”
[3:5] 8 tn Grk “a small member.”
[3:5] 9 tn Grk “boasts of great things.”
[3:6] 11 tn Grk “makes itself,” “is made.”
[3:6] 12 tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
[3:6] 13 sn The word translated hell is “Gehenna” (γέεννα, geenna), a Greek transliteration of the Hebrew words ge hinnom (“Valley of Hinnom”). This was the valley along the south side of Jerusalem. In OT times it was used for human sacrifices to the pagan god Molech (cf. Jer 7:31; 19:5-6; 32:35), and it came to be used as a place where human excrement and rubbish were disposed of and burned. In the intertestamental period, it came to be used symbolically as the place of divine punishment (cf. 1 En. 27:2, 90:26; 4 Ezra 7:36).
[3:7] 14 tn Grk (plurals), “every kind of animals and birds, of reptiles and sea creatures.”
[3:7] 15 tn Grk “the human species.”
[3:8] 16 tc Most
[3:9] 17 tc Most later
[3:9] 18 tn Grk “men”; but here ἀνθρώπους (anqrwpous) has generic force, referring to both men and women.
[3:10] 19 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:2.
[3:15] 21 tn Grk “come down”; “descend.”
[3:15] 22 tn Grk “soulish,” which describes life apart from God, characteristic of earthly human life as opposed to what is spiritual. Cf. 1 Cor 2:14; 15:44-46; Jude 19.
[4:1] 23 tn The word “where” is repeated in Greek for emphasis.
[4:1] 25 tn Grk “in your members [i.e., parts of the body].”
[4:4] 26 tn Grk “is hostility toward God.”
[4:5] 27 tn Grk “vainly says.”
[4:5] 28 tn Grk “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[4:5] 29 tc The Byzantine text and a few other
[4:5] 30 tn Interpreters debate the referent of the word “spirit” in this verse: (1) The translation takes “spirit” to be the lustful capacity within people that produces a divided mind (1:8, 14) and inward conflicts regarding God (4:1-4). God has allowed it to be in man since the fall, and he provides his grace (v. 6) and the new birth through the gospel message (1:18-25) to counteract its evil effects. (2) On the other hand the word “spirit” may be taken positively as the Holy Spirit and the sense would be, “God yearns jealously for the Spirit he caused to live within us.” But the word for “envious” or “jealous” is generally negative in biblical usage and the context before and after seems to favor the negative interpretation.
[4:5] sn No OT verse is worded exactly this way. This is either a statement about the general teaching of scripture or a quotation from an ancient translation of the Hebrew text that no longer exists today.